Past Future Tense

Pola untuk Past Future Tense adalah sebagai berikut:

Subject + would + verb1+ object + modifier

Subject + [(was/were) going to] + verb1+ object + modifier

Contoh:

1. Farmers in Jati Bali would grow rice crops last month. (Petani-petani di Jati Bali akan bercocok tanam padi bulan lalu).
2. Some students would conduct research on vegetative plant propagations last semester. (Beberapa siswa akan melakukan penelitian pada perbanyakan tanaman vegetatif semester lalu).
3. Transpiration would start to increase at 8 a.m. this morning. (Transpirasi akan mulai meningkat jam 8 tadi pagi).

Penggunaan Past Future Tense

Pada prinsipnya, past future tense mirip dengan simple future tense dan ketentuan-ketentuan yang berlaku pada simple future tense umumnya juga berlaku pada past future tense. Tetapi, karena bergulirnya waktu, simple future tense bergeser dari future time ke past time menjadi past future tense. Untuk menjelaskan ini, di sini akan digunakan konsep dan contoh-contoh pada future tense.

Past Future Tense, seperti halnya simple future tense, dapat digunakan dalam 5 kategori, yaitu:

1. Untuk menyatakan kembali kejadian/aktivitas yang pernah diprediksi akan terjadi/dilakukan pada saat tertentu di masa lampau.

Untuk memahami perbedaann past future tense dengan simple future tense, mari kita perhatikan contoh-contoh kalimat yang diberikan pada simple future tense berikut ini:

1. According to the weather forecast, it will rain tomorrow. (Menurut ramalam cuaca, hujan akan turun besok).
2. None of us have done the homework the teacher told us to do. He will be very disappointed when he finds out.
3. Ronny is going to come to my house at 7 o’clock tonight. I think Jeny, Ronny’s girlfriend, will come too.
4. I will probably see Janet at the cafeteria at lunch.
5. The damage we do to our forest today will result in severe catastrophes sooner or later in the future.

Perhatikan contoh 1 di atas dan anggap saja sekarang adalah tanggal 2 Mei!

• According to the weather forecast, it will rain tomorrow. (Menurut ramalam cuaca, hujan akan turun besok).

Dalam bahasa Indonesia, kalimat ini juga berarti:

• Menurut ramalan cuaca, hujan akan turun tanggal 3 Mei.

Kemudian, karena waktu terus bergulir, anggap sekarang sudah tanggal 4 Mei. Berarti, yang diprediksi tadi (i.e. hujan akan turun) sudah dalam past time, yaitu “kemarin”.  Jadi prediksi tadi harus dinyatakan dalam past future tense menjadi:

1. According to the weather forecast, it would rain yesterday. Atau, According to the weather forecast, it was going to rain yesterday. Dan begitu juga dengan kalimat-kalimat 2-5 di atas seiring dengan bergulirnya waktu berturut-turut akan menjadi:
2. We thought that he would be very disappointed when we didn’t do the homework two days ago. Atau, We thought that he was going to be very disappointed when we didn’t do the homework two days ago.
3. Ronny came to my house at 7 p.m. two days ago. I thought Jeny, Ronny’s girlfriend, would come too but she didn’t. Atau, I thought Jeny, Ronny’s girlfriend, was going to come too but she didn’t.
4. I would probably see Janet at the cafeteria at lunch. Atau, I was probably going to see Janet at the cafeteria at lunch.
5. The damage we do to our forest today will result in severe catastrophes sooner or later in the future.

Note: Jika yang diprediksi pada saat pengungkapan kembali masih in future time, (dalam analogi di atas, masih belum tanggal 4 Mei), tetap gunakan simple future tense. (Lihat contoh 5 di atas dan contoh 4 di bawah).

2. Untuk menyatakan kembali kejadian/aktivitas yang direncanakan akan terjadi/dilakukan pada saat tertentu di masa lampau.

Dengan menggunakan analogi pada kategori 1, kalimat dalam simple future tense berikut:

1. Ronny is going to come to my house at 7 o’clock tonight.
2. He has an appointment. He is going to meet his business partner at noon.
3. I am going to go to the shopping. Do you want to go with me?
4. The next world cup championship is going to be held in South Africa in 2010.
5. He is going to leave for Bali tomorrow morning.

seiring dengan  berulirnya waktu akan dinyatakan dalam past future tense menjadi:

1. Ronny was going to come to my house at 7 p.m. two days ago but he couldn’t come because of the pouring rain. Atau, Ronny would come to my house at 7 p.m. two days ago but he couldn’t come because of the pouring rain.
2. He was going to meet his business partner at noon two days ago but he  suddenly got sick just half an hour before the meeting. Atau, He would meet his business partner at noon two days ago but he  suddenly got sick just half an hour before the meeting.
3. I was going to go to the shopping mall when I asked whether you wanted to go with me two days ago. Atau, I would go to the shopping  mall when I asked whether you wanted to go with me two days ago.
4. The next world cup championship is going to be held in South Africa in 2010. Kalimat ini tidak berubah karena aktivitas dari yang direncanakan masih akan dilakukan tahun depan.
5. He was going to leave for Bali yesterday morning but the flight was cancelled. Atau, He would leave for Bali yesterday morning but the flight was cancelled.

Note: a). Dalam past future tense, pola yang pertama juga bisa digunakan untuk menyatakan rencana.  b). Jika yang direncanakan itu terjadi/dilakukan, maknanya sudah berubah menjadi kejadian/aktivitas yang terjadi in the past (past tense) atau sedang berlangsung in the past (past continuous tense), tergantung keterangan waktunya.

1. Ronny was being at my house at 7 p.m. two days ago. (Ronny sedang di rumah saya jam 7 malam 2 hari lalu).
2. He was meeting his business partner at noon two days ago. (Dia sedang meeting dengan rekan bisnisnya jam 12 siang dua hari lalu).
3. I went to the shopping mall two days ago. (Saya pergi ke shopping mall 2 hari lalu).
4. He left for Bali yesterday morning. (Dia berangkat ke Bali kemarin pagi).

3. Untuk membuat main clause unreal conditionals tipe 1, yaitu conditional yang faktanya dalam simple present tense atau simple future tense.

1. If I were you, I would study harder. (Jika saya adalah kamu, saya akan belajar lebih giat).
2. The crops would not fail to produce if the rain fell. (Tanaman-tanaman tidak akan gagal berproduksi jika hujan turun).
3. They would not need to lime the soil if it were not acidic. (Mereka tidak akan perlu mengapur tanah jika tanah tersebut tidak masam).

4. Untuk membuat kalimat tak langsung (indirect speech), jika kalimat langsungnya menggunakan simple future tense.

Contoh:

1. My boyfriend told me that he would marry me. (Pacar saya berkata kepada saya bahwa dia akan mengawini saya).
2. An agronomist said that the soil would be more productive if we fertilized it. (Seorang ahli agronomi bilang bahwa tanah akan lebih produktif jika kita memupuknya).
3. Dean made an announcement that the final exams would be started in two weeks. (Dekan mengumumkan bahwa ujian-ujian akhir akan dimulai dua minggu mendatang).

5. Untuk membuat request atau command menjadi lebih formal atau lebih sopan. Note: would lebih formal/sopan dibandingkan will.

Contoh:

1. Would you turn down the TV volume, please! It’s too loud. (Tolong kecilkan volume TV. Volumenya terlalu keras).
2. I didn’t go to school yesterday, so would you please lend me your note? (Saya tidak sekolah kemarin. Tolong pinjami saya catatan kamu?).
3. If you’re free, would you go to see a movie with me tonight? (Jika kamu tidak sibuk, maukah kamu nonton film dengan saya malam ini?).

Negative Form

Bentuk negatif Past Future Tense adalah dengan menambahkan not seelah would atau setelah be (was/were) seperti terlihat pada pola berikut:

Subject + would + not + verb1+ object + modifier

Subject + [(was/were) + not + going to] + verb1+ object + modifier

Contoh:

1. According to the weather forecast, it would not rain yesterday.
2. We thought that he wouldn’t be very happy when we didn’t do the homework.
3. Ronny came to my house at 7 p.m. two days ago. I thought Jeny, Ronny’s girlfriend, wouldn’t come but she did.
4. I wouldn’t probably see Janet at the cafeteria at lunch.
5. Ronny wasn’t going to come to my house at 7 p.m. two days ago.
6. He wasn’t going to meet his business partner at noon two days ago.
7. I wasn’t going to go to the shopping when I met you two days ago.
8. He wasn’t going to leave for Bali yesterday morning

Yes/No Questions

Yes/No Questions untuk Past Future Tense adalah sebagai berikut:

Would + subject + verb1+ object + modifier?

(Was/Were) + subject + going to + verb1+ object + modifier?

Contoh:

1. According to the weather forecast, would it rain yesterday? atau According to the weather forecast, was it going to rain yesterday?.
2. Would Jeny, Ronny’s girlfriend, come too?
3. Would you probably see Janet at the cafeteria at lunch two days ago?
4. Was Ronny not going to come to your house at 7 p.m. two days ago?
5. Was he going to meet his business partner at noon two days ago?
6. Were you going to go to the shopping when you asked whether I wanted to go with you two days ago?
7. Was he going to leave for Bali yesterday morning?

Source : http://swarabhaskara.com/tenses/past-future-tense/

Future Perfect Continuous Tense

Pola Future Perfect Continuous Tense adalah sebagai berikut:

Subject + will + have + been + ( verb1+ing) + object + modifier

Contoh:

1. Farmers in Jati Bali will have been growing rice crops for 40 years by the end of this year. (Petani-petani di Jati Bali akan telah bercocok tanam padi selama 40 tahun sebelum tahun ini berakhir).
2. Some students will have been conducting research on vegetative plant propagations for one year when the next semester starts next month. (Beberapa siswa akan telah melakukan penelitian pada perbanyakan tanaman vegetatif selama 1 tahun ketika semester berikutnya dimulai bulan depan).
3. Transpiration will have been starting to increase for more than an hour when we measure it at 9 a.m. tomorrow. (Transpirasi akan telah mulai meningkat selama lebih dari 1 jam ketika kita mengukurnya jam 9 pagi besok).

Penggunaan Future Perfect Continuous Tense

Penggunaan future perfect continuous tense sama dengan penggunaan future perfect tense kategori yang ketiga, yaitu: untuk menyatakan bahwa kejadian/aktivitas akan terus terjadi/dilakukan sampai batas waktu tertentu di masa mendatang.

Perhatikan contoh pada future perfect tense kategori ketiga, berikut:

1. I arrived at school at 7 a.m. When my dad picks me up at 1 p.m., I will have been at school for 6 hours.
2. I have lived in this house for nine years or so.  On August 17, I will have lived in this house for 10 years sharp.
3. It’s 9 p.m. I am going to bed now and get up at 5 a.m. When I get up, I will have slept for 8 hours.
4. When Mr. Dodi retires next month, he will have worked for this company forty-five years.
5. It’s 7 p.m. now. She has been waiting for her boyfriend since an hour ago. He just called her that he will arrive at 8 p.m. When he arrives, she will have waited for 2 hours.

Dalam future perfect continuous tense, kelima kalimat ini menjadi:

1. I arrived at school at 7 a.m. When my dad picks me up at 1 p.m., I will have been being at school for 6 hours.
2. I have lived in this house for nine years or so.  On August 17, I will have been living in this house for 10 years sharp.
3. It’s 9 p.m. I am going to bed now and get up at 5 a.m. When I get up, I will have been sleeping for 8 hours.
4. When Mr. Dodi retires next month, he will have been working for this company forty-five years.
5. It’s 7 p.m. now. She has been waiting for her boyfriend since an hour ago. He just called her that he will arrive at 8 p.m. When he arrives, she will have been waiting for 2 hours.

Negative Form

Bentuk negatif kalimat Future Perfect Continuous Tense dibuat dengan menambahkan not setelah auxilary will, seperti terlihat pada pola berikut,

Subject + will + not + have + been + (verb1+ing) + object + modifier

Contoh:

1. When my dad picks me up at 1 p.m., I will not have been being at school for 10 hours yet.
2. I have lived in this house for nine years or so.  In the next July, I will not have been living in this house for 10 years yet. (belum cukup 10 tahun Juli depan)
3. It’s 9 p.m. I am going to bed now and get up at 5 a.m. When I get up, I will not have been sleeping for 10 hours yet.
4. When Mr. Dodi retires next month, he will not have been working for this company for fifty years yet.
5. It’s 7 p.m. now. She has been waiting for her boyfriend since an hour ago. He just called her that he will arrive at 8 p.m. When he arrives, she will not have been waiting for 3 hours yet.

Yes/No Questions

Yes/No Questions untuk Future Perfect Continuous Tense adalah sebagai berikut:

Will + subject + have + been + (verb1+ing) + object + modifier?

Contoh:

1. When your dad picks you up at 1 p.m., will you have been being at school for 10 hours?
2. Will you have been living in this house for 10 years yet next July?
3. When I get up, will I have been sleeping for 10 hours yet?
4. When Mr. Dodi retires next month, will he have been working for this company for fifty years yet?
5. Will she have been waiting for 3 hours yet when he arrives?

Note:

• Walaupun polanya berbeda, makna kalimat sama dengan future perfect tense kategori yang ketiga.
• Jika modifier of time berupa clause, time clause ini dinyatakan dalam simple present tense.

Source : http://swarabhaskara.com/tenses/future-perfect-continuous-tense/

Future Perfect Tense

Pola Future Perfect Tense adalah sebagai berikut:

Subject + will + have +  verb3 + object + modifier

Contoh:

1. Farmers in Jati Bali will have grown rice crops by the end of next month. (Petani-petani di Jati Bali akan telah bercocok tanam padi sebelum akhir bulan depan).
2. Some students will have conducted research on vegetative plant propagations for one year when the next semester starts next month. (Beberapa siswa akan telah melakukan penelitian pada perbanyakan tanaman vegetatif selama 1 tahun ketika semester berikutnya dimulai bulan depan).
3. Transpiration will have started to increase before we measure it at 9 a.m. tomorrow. (Transpirasi akan telah mulai meningkat sebelum kita mengukurnya jam 9 pagi besok).

Penggunaan Future Perfect Tense

Perhatikan pola dan ketiga contoh di atas! Apakah beda antara future perfect tense dengan present perfect tense? Perbedaannya tidak banyak, bukan? Konsep penggunaannya hampir sama dengan present perfect tense. Cuma, batas akhir dari kejadian/aktivitas untuk tensis ini adalah future time, sedangkan batas akhir untuk present perfect tense adalah now.

Penggunaan future perfect tense, antara lain:

1. Untuk menyatakan prediksi bahwa kejadian/aktivitas akan sudah terjadi/sudah selesai dilakukan sebelum atau hingga batas waktu tertentu di masa mendatang.

Note: Jika menggunakan time clause, nyatakan dalam simple present tense. Misalnya: when the first half is over (pada contoh 2), by the time we get to the airport (pada contoh 3), etc.

Contoh:

1. By 3 o’clock this afternoon, I will have finished reading this book. (Sebelum jam 3 sore ini, saya akan sudah selesai membaca buku ini).
2. I think Barcelona will have scored three goals when the first half is over. (Saya kira Barcelona akan telah cetak 3 goal ketika babak pertama berakhir).
3. This traffic is terrible. We’re going to be late. By the time we get to the air port, dad’s plane will have already arrived.
4. My dad is in the USA now but he will have been home when my mom gives birth next month. (Papa di USA sekarang tetapi dia akan sudah  berada di rumah sebelum mama melahirkan bulan depan).
5. Joni will arrive home around midnight. By the time he gets home, I will have already fallen asleep.

2.  Untuk menyatakan prediksi bahwa kegiatan/aktivitas akan sudah terjadi/ sudah selesai dilakukan sebelum kejadian/aktivitas yang lain di masa mendatang. Note: Dalam kategori ini, kedua aktivitas dilakukan oleh subject yang sama.

Contoh:

1. John will have traveled around the world before he gets married next year.
2. She will have read the entire book before she goes to campus this afternoon.
3. I will have eaten before I go to play badminton tonight.
4. He will have bought a gift before he goes to his girlfriend’s birthday party tonight.
5. He had already got married 5 times before he got married again last week. And, he is still 25 years old. If he keeps getting married, he will have had more than 50 wives before he dies.

3. Untuk menyatakan bahwa kejadian/aktivitas akan terus terjadi/dilakukan sampai batas waktu tertentu di masa mendatang.

1. I arrived at school at 7 a.m. When my dad picks me up at 1 p.m., I will have been at school for 6 hours. (Pada saat papa menjemput satu jam 1 sore, saya akan sudah berada di sekolah selama 6 jam).
2. It’s May 20 now. I have lived in this house for nine years or so.  On August 17, I will have lived in this house for 10 years sharp. (Saya sudah tinggal di rumah ini selama 9 tahun lebih. Tanggal 17 Agustus, saya akan sudah tinggal di rumah ini tepat selama 10 tahun)
3. It’s 9 p.m. I am going to bed now and get up at 5 a.m. When I get up, I will have slept for 8 hours.
4. When Mr. Dodi retires next month, he will have worked for this  company for forty-five years. (Pada saat Pak Dodi pensiun bulan depan, dia akan sudah bekerja pada perusahaan ini selama 45 tahun).
5. It’s 7 p.m now. She has been waiting for her boyfriend since an hour ago. He just called her that he will arrive at 8 p.m. When he arrives, she will  have waited for 2 hours.

Negative Form

Bentuk negatif kalimat Future Perfect Tense dibuat dengan menambahkan not setelah auxilary will, seperti terlihat pada pola berikut:

Subject + will + not + have + verb3 + object + modifier

Contoh:

1. Because the book is very thick, I will not have finished reading this book by 3 o’clock this afternoon. (Karena bukunya sangat tebal, saya akan belum selesai membaca buku ini sebelum jam 3 sore ini).
2. I think Barcelona will not have scored three goals when the first haft is over. Its opponent is a good team too. (Saya kira Barcelona akan belum cetak 3 goal ketika babak pertama berakhir. Lawannya tangguh juga).
3. We still have a lot of time. By the time we get to the air port, dad’s plane will not have arrived yet. (Kita masih punya banyak waktu. Ketika kita tiba di airport, pesawat (yang ditumpangi) papa akan belum tiba).
4. Due to an immigration documentation problem, my dad will not have been home when my mom gives birth next month. (Karena ada masalah dokumen keimigrasian, papa saya akan belum di rumah ketika mama melahirkan).
5. When Joni arrives home around midnight, I will not have fallen asleep yet.
6. John will not have traveled around the world yet when he gets married next year.  Soalnya, dia belum sempat kunjungi South Africaand south America.
7. Because it’s not enough time, she will not have read the entire book yet before she goes to campus this afternoon.
8. I will not have eaten yet when I go to play badminton tonight.
9. He will not have bought a gift when he goes to his girlfriend’s birthday party tonight.
10. Although he has already got married 6 times and still young, he will not have had more than 50 wives yet before he dies.
11. When my dad picks me up at 1 p.m., I will not have been at school for 10 hours yet.
12. I have lived in this house for nine years or so.  In the next July, I will not have lived in this house for 10 years yet. (Belum cukup 10 tahun Juli depan.
13. It’s 9 p.m. I am going to bed now and get up at 5 a.m. When I get up, I will not have slept for 10 hours yet.
14. When Mr. Dodi retires next month, he will not have worked for this company for fifty years yet.
15. It’s 7 p.m. now. She has been waiting for her boyfriend since an hour ago. He just called her that he will arrive at 8 p.m. When he arrives, she will not have waited for 3 hours yet.

Yes/No Questions

Yes/No Questions untuk Future Perfect Tense adalah sebagai berikut:

Will + subject + have + verb3+ object + modifier?

Contoh:

1. Will you have finished reading this book by 3 o’clock this afternoon? (Apakah kamu akan sudah selesai baca buku ini sebelum jam 3 sore ini?).
2. Will Barcelona have scored three goals when the first haft is over?
3. Will dad’s plane have arrived yet by the time we get to the air port?
4. Due to an immigration documentation problem, will your dad have been home when your mom gives birth next month?
5. When Joni arrives home around midnight, will you have fallen asleep yet?
6. Will John have traveled around the world yet when he gets married next year?
7. Because it’s not enough time, will she have read the entire book yet before she goes to campus this afternoon?
8. Will you have eaten yet before you go to play badminton tonight?
9. Will he have bought a gift before he goes to his girlfriend’s birthday party tonight?
10. Will he have had more than 50 wives before he dies?
11. When your dad picks you up at 1 p.m., will you have been at school for 10 hours?
12. Will you have lived in this house for 10 years yet next July?
13. When I get up, will I have slept for 10 hours yet?
14. When Mr. Dodi retires next month, will he have worked for this company for fifty years yet?
15. Will she have waited for 3 hours yet when he arrives?

Source : http://swarabhaskara.com/tenses/future-perfect-tense/

Future Continuous (Progressive) Tense

Formula untuk Future Continuous tense atau Future Progressive Tense adalah:

Subject + will + be + ( verb1+ing) + object + modifier

Subject + [(is/am/are/) going to] + be + (verb1+ing) + object + modifier

Contoh:

1. Farmers in Jati Bali will be growing rice crops at 9 a.m. tomorrow. (Petani-petani di Jati Bali akan sedang menanam padi jam 9 pagi besok).
2. Some students are going to be conducting research on vegetative plant propagations when I go to the agronomy laboratory next week. (Beberapa siswa akan sedang melakukan penelitian pada perbanyakan tanaman vegetatif ketika saya pergi ke lab. agronmy dua hari depan).
3. Transpiration will be starting to increase at 8 a.m. tomorrow. (Transpirasi  akan sedang mulai meningkat jam 8 besok pagi).

Penggunaan Future Continuous Tense

Penggunaan future continuous tense pada prinsipnya sama dengan past continuous tense. Yang membedakan adalah jika past continuous tense menyatakan kejadian/aktivitas yang sedang berlangsung in the past, future continuous tense menyatakan kejadian/aktivitas yang sedang berlangsung in the future. Pembicara tahu bahwa suatu kejadian/aktivitas akan sedang berlangsung karena kejadian/aktivitas tersebut telah direncanakan (bukan karena prediksi) atau  karena merupakan regular happening/habitual action.

Untuk lebih memahami perbedaan antara kedua tensis ini, tulisan ini dibuat dengan menggunakan konsep dan contoh-contoh pada past continuous tense. Dan tentu saja, keterangan waktunya telah digeser dari past time menjadi future time.

Future Continuous Tense digunakan

1. Untuk menyatakan kejadian/aktivitas yang akan sedang terjadi pada waktu yang spesifik di masa depan. Spesifikasi waktu biasanya dinyatakan dengan jam (i.e. jam berapa kejadian itu berlangsung). Sebagai ilustrasi, perhatikan contoh kalimat 1 di bawah. Sebagai seorang ibu, saya tahu rutinitas putri saya. Jam 3 -5 belajar atau ngerjakan PR, jam 8-9 nonton TV, 9-11 bejalar lagi. Karena sudah tahu persis rutinitas putri saya tersebut, saya berani bilang bahwa pada jam 8.30 nanti, dia sedang nonton TV. Logika yang sama juga berlaku pada contoh kalimat 2 – 8.

Contoh:

1. My daughter will be watching TV at eight thirty  tonight. (Putri saya akan sedang nonton TV jam 8.30 malam ini).
2. She will be copying the materials at 10 o’clock this morning. (Dia akan sedang memfotokopi materi jam 10 pagi ini). Asumsi, sekarang belum jam 10 pagi.
3. I will be discussing English with my classmates at 2 p.m. next Friday. (Saya akan sedang mendiskusikan bahasa Inggris dengan teman-teman kelas saya jam 2 sore Jumat depan).
4. I will be being busy at 8 o’clock tomorrow morning. (Saya akan sedang sibuk jam 8 pagi besok).
5. They will be being very happy at 9 o’clock next Saturday night. (Mereka akan sedang sangat bahagia jam 9 malam minggu depan). Asumsi, mereka baru jadian (pacaran).
6. This time next year, she will be studying Economics at the University of Toronto. (Bulan ini tahun depan, dia akan sedang belajar/kuliah Ekonomi di Universitas Toronto).
7. They will be taking an English exam at 10 a.m. tomorrow. (Mereka akan sedang mengikuti ujian bahasa Inggris jam 10 besok pagi).
8. We will be watching a football game at 11 p.m. tonight. (Kami akan sedang nonton pertandingan sepak bola jam 11 malam ini).

2. Untuk menyatakan kejadian/aktivitas yang sedang terjadi/berlangsung di masa depan, yang terinterupsi oleh kejadian yang lain. Dalam hal ini, formulanya adalah sebagai berikut:

When + subject1 + simple present tense, subject2 + future continuous

Subject1 + future continuous + when + subject2 + simple present tense

Note: Kejadian/aktivitas yang menginterupsi dinyatakan dalam simple present tense dan berfungsi sebagai keterangan waktu; Sisipkan tanda koma, jika letaknya mendahului future continuous. Koma tidak diperlukan jika ditempatkan setelah future continuous.

Contoh:

1. When I arrive home, my daughter will be watching TV. (Ketika saya tiba di rumah, putri saya akan sedang nonton TV). My daughter punya habit nonton TV.
2. When I call him tonight, he will be playing card with his friends. (Ketika saya telpon dia malam ini, dia sedang main kartu dengan teman-temannya). He punya habit main kartu sama teman-temannya tiap malam.
3. I will be waiting for you outside the class when you finish your exam. (Saya akan sedang menunggu di luar kelas ketika kamu selesai ujian).
4. He will still be studying at the library tonight, so he will not see his mother when she arrives home. (Dia akan masih sedang belajar di perpustakaan malam ini, jadi dia tidak akan melihat ibunya ketika ibunya tiba di rumah).
5. When I go to her house on Saturday night, she will be being with her boyfriend. (Jika saya pergi ke rumahnya malam minggu ini, dia akan sedang bersama dengan pacarnya).

REMEMBER: Hindari menggunakan keterangan waktu “When + future tense“.

3. Juga digunakan untuk menyatakan dua kejadian yang terjadi pada saat bersamaan di masa depan. Dalam hal ini, gunakan formula berikut:

While + subject1 + present continuous, subject2 +  future continuous

Subject1 + future continuous + while + subject2 + present continuous

Contoh:

1. While I am typing another note tonight, my family will be watching TV in the family room. (Sementara saya sedang mengetik catatan yang lain malam ini, keluarga saya akan sedang nonton TV di ruang keluarga).
2. While the president is giving his speech, the audience will be listening to him carefully. (Sementara presiden sedang berpidato, pemirsa/hadirin akan sedang mendengarkannya dengan seksama).
3. Male students will be playing around while the female ones are chitchatting. (Murid laki-laki akan sedang bermain-main sementara murid-murid wanita sedang ngobrol). Kapan mereka belajar ya?
4. My roommate will be snoring loudly while I am studying. (Teman sekamar saya sedang mendengkur keras sementara saya sedang belajar).
5. We will be smoking while others are drinking. (Kami akan sedang merokok sementara yang lain akan sedang minum).
6. John will be washing dishes while Jane is making dinner. (John akan sedang mencuci piring sementara Jane sedang masak untuk makan malam).

REMEMBER: Hindari menggunakan keterangan waktu “While + future continous tense“. Tetapi, kalau keterangan waktunya tidak menggunakan “while“, barulah tiap clause dari kejadian yang sedang berlangsung secara bersamaan ini dinyatakan dengan future continuous tense.

1. Sorry, we can’t practice our band in my house tonight. My dad will be having his colleagues over and my brother will be studying for his final exam. (Maaf, kita tidak bisa latihan band di rumah saya malam ini. Bapak saya akan sedang menjamu kolega-koleganya di rumah dan kakak saya akan sedang belajar untuk ujian akhirnya.
2. The party will start at 8 pm. I’ll get there around 9. When I get there, Budi and his band will be performing. Some people will be dancing, some will be drinking and smoking, and the others  will be just talking. (Pestanya akan dimulai jam 8 malam. Saya akan tiba di sana sekitar jam 9. Ketika saya tiba di sana, Budi dan bandnya akan sedang perform. Bebeerapa orang akan sedang berdansa, beberapa akan sedang minum dan merokok, dan yang lainnya akan sedang ngobrol saja).

4. Untuk menyatakan suatu hal atau kejadian yang diyakini/benar-benar akan segera terjadi.

Contoh:

1. I think the sun will be shining soon. (Saya kira matahari akan segera sedang bersinar).
2. Oh no! The clouds are very dark and thick. It will be raining soon. (Oh tidak! Awan sangat gelap dan tebal. Akan segera sedang turun hujan).

Negative Form

Bentuk negatif dari kalimat dalam Future Continuous Tense dibuat dengan menambahkan ‘not’ setelah auxilliary will, atau setelah is/am/are, seperti yang terlihat dalam formula berikut:

Subject + will + not + be + (verb1+ing) + object + modifier

Subject + [(is/am/are/) + not + going to] + be +(verb1+ing) + object + modifier

Note: Will not dapat dikontraksi  menjadi won’t.

Contoh:

1. My daughter will not be watching TV at eight thirty tonight. (Putri saya tidak akan sedang nonton TV jam 8.30 malam ini).
2. She will not be copying the materials at 10 o’clock this morning. (Dia tidak akan sedang memfotokopi materi jam 10 pagi ini).
3. I will not be discussing English with my classmates at 2 p.m. next Friday. (Saya tidak akan sedang mendiskusikan bahasa Inggris dengan teman-teman kelas saya jam 2 sore Jumat depan).
4. I will not be being busy at 8 o’clock tomorrow morning. (Saya tidak akan sedang sibuk jam 8 pagi besok).
5. They will not be being very happy at 9 o’clock next Saturday night. (Mereka tidak akan sedang sangat bahagia jam 9 malam minggu depan). Mereka baru saja bubaran.
6. This time next year, she won’t be studying Economics at the University of Toronto. (Bulan ini tahun depan, dia tidak akan sedang belajar/kuliah Ekonomi di Universitas Toronto).
7. They won’t be taking an English exam at 10 a.m. tomorrow. (Mereka tidak akan sedang mengikuti ujian bahasa Inggris jam 10 besok pagi).
8. We won’t be watching a football game at 11 p.m. tonight. (Kami tidak akan sedang nonton pertandingan sepak bola jam 11 malam ini). Dan seterusnya.

Yes/No Questions

Yes/No Questions untuk Future Continuous Tense adalah sebagai berikut:

Will + subject + be + (verb1+ing) + object + modifier?

(Is/Am/Are/) + subject + [going to] + be + (verb1+ing) + object + modifier?

Contoh:

1. Will your daughter be watching TV at eight thirty tonight? (Apakah putri anda akan sedang nonton TV jam 8.30 malam ini?).
2. Will she be copying the materials at 10 o’clock this morning? (Apakah dia akan sedang memfotokopi materi jam 10 pagi ini?).
3. Will you be discussing English with my classmates at 2 p.m. next Friday? (Apakah saya akan sedang mendiskusikan bahasa Inggris dengan teman-teman kelas saya jam 2 sore Jumat depan?).
4. Will I be being busy at 8 o’clock tomorrow morning? Yes, I will. (Apakah saya akan sedang sibuk jam 8 pagi besok?).
5. Will they be being very happy at 9 o’clock next Saturday night? (Apakah mereka akan sedang sangat bahagia jam 9 malam minggu depan?).
6. Will she be studying Economics at the University of Toronto this time next year? (Apakah dia akan sedang belajar/kuliah Ekonomi di Universitas Toronto pada bulan ini tahun depan?).
7. Will they be taking an English exam at 10 a.m. tomorrow? (Apakah mereka akan sedang mengikuti ujian bahasa Inggris jam 10 besok pagi?).
8. Will we be watching a football game at 11 p.m. tonight? (Apakah kami akan sedang nonton pertandingan sepak bola jam 11 malam ini?). Dan seterusnya.

Note: Pola yang kedua dari future continuous tense hampir tidak diberikan contoh di sini. Silakan anda latihan dengan mengganti semua will dengan (is/am/are) going to.

Contoh:

• My daughter will be watching TV at 8.30 tonight.

Kalimat ini menjadi:

• My daughter is going to be watching TV at 8.30 tonight. (affirmative).
• My daughter isn’t going to be watching TV at 8.30 tonight. (negative).
• Is my daughter going to be watching TV at 8.30 tonight? (interrogative).

Source : http://swarabhaskara.com/tenses/future-continuous-tense/

Simple Future Tense

Simple future tense dapat dinyatakan dengan menggunakan 3 pola berikut:

Subject + will + verb1+ object + modifier

Subject + [(is/am/are/) going to] + verb1+ object + modifier

Subject + (is/am/are/) + (verb1+ing )+ object + modifier

Note:

• In American English, auxiliary shall (i.e. sepupunya will) sudah sangat jarang digunakan.Oleh karena itu, tulisan ini tidak membahas penggunaan shall.
• Pola yang ketiga ini sama dengan Present continuous tense. Penggunaannya khusus untuk menyatakan aktivitas yang direncanakan  akan dilakukan. (Lihat penggunaan simple future tense yang kedua).

Contoh:

1. Farmers in Jati Bali will grow rice crops next month. (Petani-petani di Jati Bali akan bercocok tanam padi bulan depan).
2. Some students are going to conduct research on vegetative plant propagations next semester. (Beberapa siswa akan melakukan penelitian pada perbanyakan tanaman vegetatif semester depan).
3. Transpiration will start to increase tomorrow morning. (Transpirasi akan mulai meningkat besok pagi).

Penggunaan Simple Future Tense

Simple Future Tense digunakan untuk menyatakan kejadian/aktivitas yang akan terjadi/dilakukan di waktu yang akan datang, apakah 10 menit atau 1 jam yang akan datang, besok, lusa, minggu depan, bulan depan, tahun depan, dan seterusnya. Jika past tense menyatakan kejadian/aktivitas setelah now (past time), simple future tense menyatakan kejadian/aktivitas sebelum now (future time).

Berikut adalah 5 kategori penggunaan Simple Future Tense, yaitu:

1. Untuk menyatakan kejadian/aktivitas yang diprediksi akan terjadi/dilakukan.

Contoh:

1. According to the weather forecast, it will rain tomorrow. (Menurut ramalan cuaca, besok akan hujan).
2. None of us have done the homework the teacher told us to do. He will be very disappointed when he finds out.
3. Ronny is going to come to my house at 7 o’clock tonight. I think Jeny, Ronny’s girlfriend, will come too.
4. I will probably see Janet at the cafeteria at lunch
5. The damage we do to our forest today will result in severe catastrophes sooner or later in the future.

Kelima contoh kalimat di atas juga dapat dinyatakan dengan pola yang kedua menjadi:

1. According to the weather forecast, it is going to rain tomorrow. (Menurut ramalan cuaca, besok akan hujan).
2. None of us did the homework the teacher had told us to do. He is going to be very disappointed when he finds out.
3. Ronny is going to come to my house at 7 o’clock tonight. I think Jeny, Ronny’s girlfriend, is going to come too.
4. I am probably going to see Janet at the cafeteria at lunch.
5. The damage we do to our forest today is going to result in severe catastrophes sooner or later in the future.

2. Untuk menyatakan kejadian/aktivitas yang direncanakan akan terjadi/dilakukan.

Jika aktivitas yang akan dilakukan telah direncanakan/diniatkan sebelumnya, gunakan pola yang kedua atau ketiga.

Contoh:

1. Ronny is going to come to my house at 7 o’clock tonight.
2. He has an appointment. He is going to meet his business partner at noon.
3. I am going to go to the shopping mall. Do you want to go with me?
4. The next world cup championship is going to be held in South Africa in 2010.
5. He is going to leave for Bali tomorrow morning.

Kelima contoh kalimat di atas juga dapat dinyatakan dengan pola yang ketiga menjadi:

1. Ronny is coming to my house at 7 o’clock tonight.
2. He has an appointment. He is meeting his business partner at noon.
3. I am going to the shopping mall Do you want to go with me?
4. The next world cup championship is being held in South Africa in 2010.
5. He is leaving for Bali tomorrow morning.

3. Untuk menyatakan kesudian/kesanggupan melakukan sesuatu.

Untuk kategori ini, gunakan pola yang pertama.

1. Why don’t you ask John? He will happily help you do your homework.
2. She will voluntarily teach us how to write in English well.
3. Let’s go to the canteen. I will treat you. (Saya akan traktir kamu).
4. You look thirsty. I will get a glass of water for you.
5. I will open the door for you.

4. Untuk membuat main clause pengandaian yang bersifat hipotesa (hypothetical conditional); Artinya, apa yang akan terjadi pada main clause, tergantung pada apa yang terjadi pada anak kalimat (sub-clause) dari kalimat pengandaian tersebut.

Contoh:

1. If she comes tonight, I will not go out. (Jika dia datang malam ini, saya tidak akan keluar rumah). Sebaliknya, jika dia tidak datang, saya akan keluar rumah.
2. If you study hard, your English will steadily improve. (Jika kamu belajar keras, bahasa Inggris kamu akan terus meningkat).
3. If we succeed, our parents will be very proud of us. (Jika kita sukses, orang-orang tua kita akan sangat bangga dengan kita).
4. If you apply fertilizers optimally, the crop yields will increase. (Jika kamu mengaplikasikan pupuk secara optimal, hasil-hasil tanaman akan meningkat).
5. If pests are controlled properly, there will be no failure in crop production. (Jika hama-hama dikendalikan secara tepat, tidak akan ada kegagalan dalam produksi tanaman).

5. Untuk membuat request dan command lebih formal atau lebih sopan.

Contoh:

1. Will you take care of my plants while I am gone, please! (Tolong rawat tanaman-tanaman saya selama saya pergi!).
2. Will you return my book tomorrow, please! I need to study it for the exam. (Tolong kembalikan buku saya besok. Saya perlu mempelajari untuk (mempersiapkan diri) ujian).
3. Will you give me some sugar, please! (Tolong beri saya sedikit gula).
4. Will you pick up the phone, please! (Tolong angkat telponnya).
5. Will you go out with me tonight, please! (Pergilah kencan dengan saya malam ini).

Note: Simple present tense juga dapat digunakan untuk menyatakan future time, khusus untuk kejadian/aktivitas yang sudah terjadwal. Hanya ada beberapa verbs yang bisa digunakan di sini, antara lain:

open close

begin end

start finish

arrive leave

come return

Contoh:

1. I have to transfer money now but it’s already 2 o’clock. Don’t worry. You still have time. The bank closes at 4 o’clock.
2. Classes begin next week.
3. The train arrives at 11 p.m. tonight.
4. The first flight leaves at 6 a.m. tomorrow.
5. The ceremony starts at 11. It’s about in half an hour. (Upacaranya mulai jam 11. Kurang lebih setengah jam lagi).

Modifier of time untuk Simple Future Tense

Modifier of time (keterangan waktu)yang umum digunakan pada Simple Future Tense dapat berupa:

1. singgle word : tomorrow (besok), soon (segera), tonight (sebentar malam). Note: Tonight bermakna future time jika pada saat mengekspresikan suatu kejadian/aktivitas belum malam (i.e. baru jam 5 sore, 2 sore, atau masih 10 pagi ect). Tetapi jika misalnya pada jam 8 malam anda sedang berduaan dengan pacar, tonight berarti malam ini (i.e. bermakna now). I am with my boy-/girlfriend tonight. I am so happy. Tonight is one of my greatest nights in my whole life.
2. phrase : next week (minggu depan), next month (bulan depan), next year (tahun depan), etc.
3. clause : when she arrives, if the rain falls tomorrow, etc. Remember: clause (i.e. adverbial clause) untuk simple future tense selalu dalam present tense. Jangan dinyatakan dalam future tense. INCORRECT jika when she will arrive; if the rain will fall tomorrow.

Negative Form

Bentuk negatif Simple Future Tense adalah dengan menambahkan not setelah will atau setelah be. Perhatikan pola berikut:

Subject + will + not + verb1+ object + modifier

Subject + [(is/am/are/) + not + going to] + verb1+ object + modifier

Subject + (is/am/are/) + not + (verb1+ing )+ object + modifier

Contoh:

1. Farmers in Jati Bali will not grow rice crops next month (Petani-petani di Jati Bali tidak akan bercocok tanam padi bulan depan).
2. Some students are not going to conduct research on vegetative plant propagations next semester (Beberapa siswa tidak akan melakukan penelitian pada perbanyakan tanaman vegetatif semester depan).
3. Transpiration will not start to increase tonight. (Transpirasi tidak akan mulai meningkat malam ini).
4. According to the weather forecast, it will not rain tomorrow.
5. He will not be very happy when he finds out.
6. I think Jeny, Ronny’s girlfriend, will not come.
7. I will not probably see Janet at the cafeteria at lunch
8. Ronny is not going to come to my house at 7 o’clock tonight
9. He is not going to meet his business partner at noon.
10. I am not going to go to the shopping mall.
11. He is not going to leave for Bali tomorrow morning. etc.

Yes/No Questions

Yes/No Questions untuk Simple Future Tense adalah dengan menempatkan will atau be di awal kalimat (sebelum subject):

Will + subject + verb1+ object + modifier?

(Is/Am/Are/) + subject + [going to] + verb1+ object + modifier?

(Is/Am/Are/) + subject + (verb1+ing )+ object + modifier?

Contoh:

1. Will farmers in Jati Bali grow rice crops next month? (Apakah petani-petani di Jati Bali akan bercocok tanam padi bulan depan?).
2. Are some students going to conduct research on vegetative plant propagations next semester? (Apakah beberapa siswa akan melakukan penelitian pada perbanyakan tanaman vegetatif semester depan?).
3. Will transpiration start to increase tomorrow morning? (Apakah transpirasi akan mulai meningkat besok pagi?).
4. According to the weather forecast, will it rain tomorrow?
5. Will he be very happy when he finds out?
6. Will Jeny, Ronny’s girlfriend, come too?
7. Will I probably see Janet at the cafeteria at lunch?
8. Is Ronny going to come to my house at 7 o’clock tonight?
9. Is he going to meet his business partner at noon?
10. Are you going to go to the shopping mall?
11. Is he going to leave for Bali tomorrow morning? etc.

Note: Bentuk negatif dan interogatif dari future time yang menggunakan pola present continous tense dan simple present tense mengikuti ketentuan-ketentuan yang telah dibahas pada present continous tense dan simple present tense.

Source : http://swarabhaskara.com/tenses/simple-future-tense/

Past Perfect Continuous Tense

Formula untuk Past Perfect Continuous Tense adalah sebagai berikut:

Subject + had + been + (verb1+ing) + object + modifier

Contoh:

1. Farmers in Jati Bali had been growing rice crops for more than 20 years before I came to this village in 1985. (Petani-petani di Jati Bali telah bercocok tanam padi selama lebih dari 20 tahun sebelum saya datang ke desa ini tahun 1985).
2. Some students had been conducting research on vegetative plant propagations for a year before they graduated. (Beberapa siswa telah melakukan penelitian pada perbanyakan tanaman vegetatif selama setahun sebelum mereka tamat).
3. Transpiration had been starting to increase for 2 hours when we started to measure it. (Transpirasi telah mulai meningkat selama 2 jam ketika kami mulai mengukurnya).

Penggunaan Past Perfect Continuous Tense

Jika present perfect continuous tense sama dengan penggunaan present perfect tense yang ketiga, maka past perfect continuous tense sama dengan penggunaan past perfect tense yang ketiga, yaitu untuk menyatakan kejadian/aktivitas yang terus berlangsung mulai dari waktu tertentu di masa lampau sampai waktu tertentu di masa lampau.

Pada Past Perfect Tense diberikan contoh kalimat sebagai berikut:

1. I had lived in that house for nine years before I moved to where I live now.
2. We had studied English just for a month before we decided to take a TOEFL test.
3. He had married her for 19 years when they finally had a baby last month.
4. Mr. Johnson had worked for twenty-nine years before he got fired last week.
5. She had waited for her boyfriend for an hour when he called that he couldn’t go out last night.

Dalam Past Perfect Continuous Tense, kelima contoh kalimat di atas berubah menjadi:

1. I had been living in that house for nine years before I moved to where I live now. (Saya telah tinggal di rumah itu selama 9 tahun sebelum saya pindah ke rumah yang saya tinggali sekarang)
2. We had been studying English just for a month before we decided to take a TOEFL test. (Kita telah belajar bahasa Inggris hanya selama 1 bulan sebelum kita memutuskan untuk ikut test TOEFL).
3. He had been marrying her for 19 years when they finally had a baby last month. (Dia telah mengawininya selama 19 tahun ketika mereka akhirnya punya anak bulan lalu).
4. Mr. Johnson had been working for twenty-nine years before he got fired last week. (Pak Johnson telah bekerja selama 29 tahun sebelum dia dipecat minggu lalu).
5. She had been waiting for her boyfriend for an hour when he called that he couldn’t go out last night. (Dia telah menunggu pacarnya selama satu jam ketika dia nelpon bahwa dia tidak dapat pergi tadi malam).

Negative Form

Bentuk negatif Past Perfect Continuous Tense mengikuti pola sebagai berikut:

Subject + had + not + been + (verb1+ing) + object + modifier

Contoh:

1. I had not been living in that house for nine years before I moved to where I live now. (Saya belum tinggal di rumah itu selama 9 tahun sebelum saya pindah ke rumah yang saya tinggali sekarang).
2. We had not been studying English just for a month before we decided to take a TOEFL test. (Kita belum belajar bahasa Inggris hanya selama 1 bulan sebelum kita memutuskan untuk ikut test TOEFL).
3. He had not been marrying her for nineteen years when they finally had a baby last month. (Dia belum mengawininya selama 19 tahun ketika mereka akhirnya punya anak bulan lalu).
4. Mr. Johnson had not been working for twenty-nine years before he got fired last week. (Pak Johnson belum bekerja selama 29 tahun sebelum dia dipecat minggu lalu).
5. She had not been waiting for her boyfriend for an hour when he called that he couldn’t go out last night. (Dia belum menunggu pacarnya selama satu jam ketika dia nelpon bahwa dia tidak dapat pergi tadi malam).

Yes/No Questions

Yes/No Questions untuk Past Perfect Continuous Tense adalah sebagai berikut:

Had + subject + been + (verb1+ing) + object + modifier

Contoh:

1. Had I been living in that house for nine years before I moved to where I live now?
2. Had we been studying English just for a month before we decided to take a TOEFL test?
3. Had he been marrying her for 19 years when they finally had a baby last month?
4. Had Mr. Johnson been working for twenty-nine years before he got fired last week?
5. Had she been waiting for her boyfriend for an hour when he called that he couldn’t go out last night?

Note: Penggunaan already, dan yet pada tensis ini sama dengan pada present perfect tense.

Modifier of time

Modifier of time (keterangan waktu) untuk past perfect continuous tense antara lain:

• for + phrase + before+ simple past tense. Misalnya: for three hours before he came, for two years before they got married, for six and a half years before I went home, dst.
• for + phrase + when + simple past tense. Misalnya: for three hours when he came, for two years when they got married, for six and a half years when I went home, dst.

Source : http://swarabhaskara.com/tenses/past-perfect-continuous-tense/

Past Perfect Tense

Pola untuk past perfect tense adalah sebagai berikut:

Subject + had + verb3 + object + modifier

Contoh:

1. Farmers in Jati Bali had grown rice crops before I came to this village in 1985. (Petani-petani di Jati Bali telah bercocok tanam padi sebelum saya datang ke desa ini tahun 1985).
2. Some students had conducted research on vegetative plant propagations before they graduated. (Beberapa siswa telah melakukan penelitian pada perbanyakan tanaman vegetatif sebelum mereka tamat).
3. Transpiration had started to increase before we measured it; therefore, we don’t know exactly when it started. (Transpirasi telah mulai meningkat sebelum kami mengukurnya, oleh karena itu, kami tidak tahu secara pasti kapan transpirasi itu mulai).

Penggunaan Past Perfect Tense

Umumnya, ada 5 penggunaan past perfet tense, yaitu:

1. Untuk menyatakan bahwa kejadian/aktivitas (misalnya, kejadian A) sudah terjadi/dilakukan pada waktu yang tidak spesifik (unspecified/indefinite time) di masa lampau sebelum kejadian/aktivitas yang lain (misalnya kejadian B) di masa lampau.

Note: Baik kejadian/aktivitas A maupun B terjadi/dilakukan di masa lampau. Kejadian/aktivitas A dinyatakan dengan past perfect tense, sedangkan kejadian/aktivitas B dinyatakan dengan past tense.

Dengan menggunakan contoh kalimat pada present perfect tense, perhatikan perbedaannya dengan kalimat dalam past perfect tense berikut:

1. John had traveled around the world before he got married last year. (John telah bertamasya ke seluruh dunia sebelum dia kawin tahun lalu). Sebelum John kawin tahun lalu, dia telah melanglang buana ke seluruh dunia.
2. She had read the entire book before she wrote the exam yesterday. (Dia telah membaca buku itu secara keseluruhan sebelum dia ujian kemarin).
3. I had eaten before you got up. (Saya telah makan sebelum kamu bangun).
4. Someone had stolen my book before I went back to the classroom. (Seseorang telah mencuri buku saya sebelum saya kembali ke dalam kelas).
5. They had gone before we arrived. (Mereka telah pergi sebelum kami tiba).

2. Untuk menyatakan kekerapan (berapa kali) kejadian/aktivitas (misalnya, kejadian A) terjadi/dilakukan pada waktu yang tidak spesifik (indefinite time) di masa lampau sebelum kejadian/aktivitas yang lain (misalnya, kejadian B) di masa lampau.

Contoh:

1. I had seen the Titanic two times when my friends forced me to join them to watch it again last weekend. (Saya telah nonton Titanic dua kali ketika teman-teman saya memaksa saya untuk menemani mereka menontonnya akhir pekan lalu ).
2. She had fallen in love ten times when she finally found her true love. (Dia telah jatuh cinta 10 kali ketika dia akhirnya menemukan cinta sejatinya).
3. They had failed the exam twice before they passed it last semester. (Mereka telah gagal ujian 2 kali sebelum mereka lulus (tidak dapat E) semester lalu).
4. My car had broken down five times before I decided to sell it. (Mobil saya telah mogok 5 kali seminggu sebelum saya memutuskan untuk menjualnya).
5. Our dean had punished that very rebellious student three times when that student realized that what he had done was wrong. (Dekan kita telah menghukum mahasiswa yang sangat membangkang itu 3 kali ketika dia menyadari bahwa apa yang telah dia lakukan adalah salah).

3. Untuk menyatakan bahwa kejadian/aktivitas (misalnya, kejadian A) terus berlangsung mulai dari waktu tertentu di masa lampau sampai waktu tertentu di masa lampau.

Contoh:

1. I had lived in that house for nine years before I moved to where I live now. (Saya telah tinggal di rumah itu selama 9 tahun sebelum saya pindah ke rumah yang saya tinggali sekarang).
2. We had studied English just for a month before we decided to take a TOEFL test. (Kita telah belajar bahasa Inggris hanya selama 1 bulan sebelum kita memutuskan untuk ikut test TOEFL).
3. He had married her for 19 years when they finally had a baby last month. (Dia telah mengawininya selama 19 tahun ketika mereka akhirnya punya anak bulan lalu).
4. Mr. Johnson had worked for twenty-nine years before he got fired last week. (Pak Johnson telah bekerja selama 29 tahun sebelum dia dipecat minggu lalu).
5. She had waited for her boyfriend for an hour when he called that he couldn’t go out last night. (Dia telah menunggu pacarnya selama satu jam ketika dia nelpon bahwa dia tidak dapat pergi tadi malam).

Note: Dari ketiga penggunaan di atas, dapat kita lihat bahwa penggunaan past perfect tense mirip dengan Present perfect tense. Yang membedakan adalah waktu yang dijadikan titik berakhirnya kejadian/aktivitas. Pada present perfect tense, titik akhir kejadian/aktivitas adalah now, sedangkan pada past perfect tense titik akhirnya adalah past time.

Seperti terlihat pada contoh di atas, modifier of time (keterangan waktu) untuk past perfect tense adalah adverbial clause yang diawali oleh before, after, dan when.

a. Penggunaan before dan after dalam past perfect tense

Penggunaan before dan when dalam past perfect tense mengikuti formula berikut:

Subject + past perfect + before + subject + simple past tense

Before + subject + simple past tense, Subject + past perfect

Atau

Subject +  simple past tense + after + subject + past perfect

After + subject + past perfect,  subject + simple past tense

Note: before diikuti oleh kalimat simple past tense, sedangkan after diikuti oleh kalimat past perfect tense. Jika before atau after ditempat di awal kalimat, tanda koma harus disisipkan sebelum the next clause.

Contoh lain:

1. He had bought a rose before he went to his girlfriend’s house. (Dia telah membeli sekuntum mawar sebelum dia pergi ke rumah pacarnya).
2. Before General Sudirman died, he had fought for this country.  (Sebelum Jenderal Sudirman wafat, dia telah berjuang untuk negeri ini).
3. After I had finished having supper, I went to PKM to play badminton last night. (Setelah saya selesai makan malam, saya pergi ke PKM untuk bermain badminton tadi malam).

a. Penggunaan when dalam past perfect tense

Adverb before dan after dalam past perfect tense juga dapat diganti dengan when dengan tanpa merubah arti kalimat. Karena tensis yang digunakan adalah Past Perfect Tense, kita masih tahu kejadian mana yang terjadi lebih dulu.

Contoh:

1. He had bought a rose when he went to his girlfriend’s house. (Dia telah membeli sekuntum mawar ketika dia pergi ke rumah pacarnya).
2. When General Sudirman died, he had fought for this country.  (Ketika Jenderal Sudirman wafat, dia telah berjuang untuk negeri).
3. When I had finished having supper, I went to PKM to play badminton last night. (Ketika saya selesai makan malam, saya pergi ke PKM untuk bermain badminton tadi malam).

4. Untuk membuat main- clause unreal conditionals tipe kedua, yaitu jika faktanya dalam past tense.

Contoh:

1. If he had not gone to the beach, he would not have met his old friends. (Jika dia tidak pergi ke pantai, dia tidak akan bertemu dengan teman-teman lamanya).
2. If we had studied hard last night, we might have got good grades. (Jika kita telah belajar keras tadi malam, kita mungkin telah mendapatkan nilai bagus).
3. If he hadn’t dropped out of school, he might have had a great job now. (Jika dia tidak putus/keluar dari sekolah, dia mungkin telah mendapatkan pekerjaan yang bagus).

5. Untuk membuat kalimat tidak langsung (indirect speech) jika kalimat langsungnya (direct speech) menggunakan past tense.

Contoh:

1. He told me that he had studied hard last night. (Dia berkata ke saya bahwa dia telah belajar keras tadi malam).
2. She said that she had not seen her friend last night. (Dia berkata bahwa dia tidak melihat temannya tadi malam).
3. My friend told me that Manchester United had lost against Barcelona. (Teman saya memberi tahu saya bahwa MU kalah lawan Barcelona}.

Negative Form

Bentuk negatif dari kalimat dalam Past Perfect Tense dibuat dengan menambahkan not setelah auxiliary had, seperti yang terlihat dalam pola berikut:

Subject + had + not + verb3 + object + modifier

Contoh:

1. He had not bought a rose before he went to his girlfriend’s house. (Dia belum membeli sekuntum mawar sebelum dia pergi ke rumah pacarnya).
2. They had not studied long enough when they decided to take a TOEFL test last week. (Mereka belum belajar cukup lama ketika mereka memutuskan untuk ikut test TOEFL minggu lalu).
3. She hadn’t read the entire book yet when she wrote the exam. (Dia belum membaca buku itu secara keseluruhan ketika dia ujian).

Yes/No Questions

Yes/No Questions untuk Past Perfect Tense adalah sebagai berikut:

Had + subject  + verb3 + object + modifier

Contoh:

1. Had he bought a rose before he went to his girlfriend’s house? (Apakah dia sudah membeli sekuntum mawar sebelum dia pergi ke rumah pacarnya?).
2. Had they studied long enough when they  decided to take a TOEFL test last week? (Apakah mereka sudah belajar cukup lama ketika mereka memutuskan untuk ikut test TOEFL minggu lalu?).
3. Had she read the entire book yet when she wrote the exam? (Apakah dia sudah membaca buku itu  secara keseluruhan ketika dia ujian?).

Note: Penggunaan  already dan yet pada tensis ini sama dengan pada present perfect tense.

Modifier of time

Modifier of time (keterangan waktu) untuk past perfect tense antara lain:

• before + simple past tense. Misalnya: before he went to his girlfriend’s house, before General Sudirman died, before we measured it, dst.
• when + simple past tense. Misalnya: when she wrote the exam, when they decided to take a TOEFL test last week,when they finally had a baby last month, dst.
• for + phrase + before+ simple past tense. Misalnya: for three hours before he came, for two years before they got married, for six and a half years before I went home, dst.
• for + phrase + when + simple past tense. Misalnya: for three hours when he came, for two years when they got married, for six and a half years when I went home, dst.

Source : http://swarabhaskara.com/tenses/past-perfect-tense/